Fluid-pressure turbine.



G. A. PARSONS. FLUID PRESSURETURBINE. APPLICATION FILED 1330.18, 1909Patented Oct. 18,1910.

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0. A. PARSONS. FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 18, 1909.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

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in a number of segmental jets formed .by' radially restricting the spacebetween the which blades are adapted to convey the.

" TED STATES PTENT O T cHAnLEs ALGERNON PARSONS, or,NEwcAsfrLE-Uron-Tirnn ENGLAND.-

Specification of Letters iatent. Application filed December 18, 1909.Serial No.- 533 ,747.

rnuin-rnnssunn TURBINE.

' Patented-0011.18, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ALGERNON.

PARSONS, a Subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, andresiding at Heaton Works, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,- in the county ofNorthumberland, England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements Re:

lating to. Fluid-Pressure Turbines, of which the followingis aspecification.

This invention relates to turbines of the type in which the workingfluid is expanded turbine rotor and easing at intervals along the lengthof the .turbine, the kinetic energy. of the fluid being subsequentlyabsorbed in moving blades carried by the rotor and placed betweenadjacent sets of restrictions. The invention consists in providingin aturbine of the above type a plurality ofguide blades placed in saidrestrictions,

steam in an axial direction while'imparting velocity to it, the steambeing then given circumferential direction without substantial change ofvelocity before delivery toblading of the velocity absorptiontypewhereby the energy of the steam is abstracted.

It is desirable that the space between the rotating and fixed membershall be restricted 1 on about the mean diameter of the space to formsuch an annular jet or such segmental jets at several intervals in thelength so as to divide the turbine into a series offpr'essure stageseach stage having one or more rows of guide audrotating blades uponwhich the steam from the preceding restriction impinges. In order toobtain the best results the number of rows of blades per stage should besmall; The restriction is made such that thewidth of the jet deliveredby it is less than the height of the blades following said restrictionby which means very little or no clearance losses can occur.

' Inthe accompanying drawings whic illustrate diagrammatically. several"ways of carrying out the invention. Figures 1 and 2 are part elevationand plan respectively of one arrangement of the restrictions and guideblades in a turbine. according to the presentinvention. Figs; 3 and 4are views ofia similar turbine in which the. working fluid after-passingguides in the barrier flows through two rin of rotating bladeswith a row ofguide lades between, them. Figs. 5 and 6 are viewscorrespond-.

ing to- Figs. 3 and 4 showing a slightly modified configurationofbarrier, and with the height of the blades increasing graduallythrough each stage.

In carrying the invention: into efiect according to the constructionshown diagrammatically in the above figures a series of annularrestrictions, (1, a, (2 are provided in the turbine, Each restrictionmay be formed by a barrier strip, 03, secured to the which may consist'of fixed and moving blades, this action being repeated 'as manytimesasdesired through the turbine.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the first row of guide blades 6 have theirleading edges extending through the annular jet, theguide blades, b,being formed with extensions, h,

passing through the barrierbut formed with a clearance space at y, inorder to avoid undue resistance the front. edges of the blades cuttingthe fluid issuing from the vbarrier. The extensions, k, may be formedwith sharpened or narrowed leading edges, is, as shown at the barriers,a and a in the plan view otFig. 2. It will be understood of course thatthe arrangements of theblades, although only a. single row of rotatingblades, 0, is shown, when the guides extend through the barrier may .beof any convenient'numberand character. For example more than two rows ofblades may be placed abaft the annular jet restrictions the first rowbeing rotating blades of the Parsons type then a row of crescent shapedblading which directs the fluid into another row ofinoving blades ofcrescent form.

strips, the portions, it,

If the. form of the barrier strips is such that the desired expansion ofthe steam is not. effected until the steam has passed nearly to theright hand side of'the barrier some cases however, the barrier may befirst part of t of the barrier; The

formed so that the full expansion for the chosen difference of pressurebetween the pressure on the left of the barrier and that on the rightthereof shall take place in the he barrier and that no expansion shalloccur in the remaining part of it. The guide blades are secured to thebarrier strip, (Z, the parts of the blades in the expansion part of thebarrier or jet bein formed parallel or substantially parallel to theaxis of rotation, the curved guiding portion of the blade being in theremaining part of the barrier. The free ends of; these guide blades areformed to follow with the usual clearance the curved contour of therotating barrier strip. By this means loss by spilling is furtherreduced. Two forms of turbine in which this formation is adoptedareshown in Figs. 3-6. I

In Figs. 3 and 4 the desired nozzle formation is obtained mainly by thecurvature of the rotating part of Figs. 5 and 6by the curvature of botharts of the whole width of the fixed barrier part extend close to theopposite rotating part of the barrier. The parts of the u-ide blades tothe left of a line BB in ig. 4 (which marks approximately the part ofthe jet where expansion for the chosen pressure drop is complete) areformedv so that the mean direction of the fluid is kept in a straightpath but the parts to the right of that line where the pressure, crosssection and velocity are approximately constantare much more curved orbent to guidethe fluid 1n the proper direction for the working blades 0.As the'ends of the blades follow the curvature of the rotating part ofthe barrier any fluid that may spill from one blade at the clearancespace over the barrier part, f, is caught by the next blade and properlydirected. The ends of theblades should correspond as closely as possibleto the contour of the barrier, only the usual working clearances beingrovided.

It is intended that in a forms the height of the blades shall be greaterthan the width of the jet delivered by the restriction, and to allow forthe widenin of the jet after leaving the barrier, the height of theblades may be gradually increased through each stage as shown in Fig. 5.

of the guide blades,

the barrier; or as in guide blades whic, Q are It will be obvious thatthe invention may be embodied in many forms; inall forms the ressuredrop is confined mainly or wholly to the annular openings or barriersbetween the fixed and moving members of the turbine, and the annular orsegmental openings are on a circle of ap roximately the mean diameter ofthe space between the rotor and casing.

When the jets are of segmental form the part of the circumferencebetween the jet is occupied by suitable battles.

If the turbine be of the single flow type the usual dummy piston but ifbines with working fluid flowingin o posite' directions practically noleakage Wlll occur, because the dummies may be dispensed with, V It isobvious that in the above described arrangements'the functions of thecylinder and s indle blading are generally speaking interchangeable.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. A turbine having fixed and rotating"parts, the'space between which is restricted radially to form 'ets atintervals along-the len h of the tur inc and. guide blades exten ingthrough said restrictions.

'2. A turbine having fixed and rotating parts, the space between whichis restricted radially to form jets at a plurality ofintervals along thelength of the turbine and guide blades extending through saidrestrictions, these guide blades giving a circumleakage will occur it beconstructed with two equal tur-- ferential direction to the workingfluid after I having been expanded in saidi'restrictions. v 3. A turbinehaving fixed and rotating parts the space between which is restrictedradially to form jets at intervals along the length .of the y one ofsaid parts whereby the steamis expanded in flowing axially through saidrestrictions and is then tial direction by said b ades.

4. A turbine having in combination fixed and movin parts, the spacebetween which is restricted radially to form jets at intervals along,the length of the turbine, guide blades in said restriction carried byone of said parts, said blades being arran ed to convey the workingfluidaxially uring expansion of the same and then acting to give acircumferential direction thereto, and means carried by said turbineparts for abiven a circumferenturbine and guide blades placed withinsaid restrictions and carried sorbing the velocity of theworking fluid.

thus generated when passing through said restrictions.

5.- A turbine having in combination fixed and movin parts, the spacebetween which is r'estricte radiallyvto form jetsat intervals along thelength of the turbine, guide blades in said restriction carried by oneof said parts, said blades being arranged to convey the working fluidaxially during expansion of the same and then acting to give acircumferential direction thereto, and means carried by said turbineparts for absorbing the velocity of the working fluid thus generatedwhen passing through said working fluid axially during expansion ofthesame and then acting to given circuin ferential direction thereto,alternating rows of rotating and guide-blades following saidrestrictions whereby the velocity of the fluid generated inpassingthrough said restrictions is absorbed.

7. A turbine having in combination fixed and moving parts, the spacebetween which is restricted radially to form jets at intervals along thelength of the turbine, guide blades in said restriction carried by oneof said parts, said blades being arranged to convey the working fluidaxially during expansion of the same and then acting to give acircumferential direction thereto, alternating rows of rotating andguide blades following said restrictions whereby the velocity of thefluid generated in passing through said restrictions is absorbed, saidblades giving a gradually enlarging cross sectional area for the passageof the working fluid between adjacentrestrictions.

8. A turbine having fixed and moving parts, the space between which isrestricted radially to form jets at intervals along the length of theturbine, guide blades placed in said restriction and carried by thefixed turbine part, alternate rows of moving and fixedblades followingsaid restriction so that velocity is imparted to the moving turbinepart.

9. A turbine having fixed and moving parts. the space between which isrestricted radially to form jetsat intervals along the length of theturbine, guide blades placed in said restriction and carried by thefixed turbine part, alternate rows ofmoving and fixed blades followingsaid restriction so that velocity is imparted to the movingturbine-part, said fluid and moving blades giving a gradually increasingcross sectional area for the passage of fluid between the adjacentrestrictions.

10. In combination in an elastic fluid turbine, a casing and rotormoving therein, the

space between the rotor and easing being restricted radially so as vtoform ets at intervals along the length of the turbine, guiding meansplaced within said restriction and imparting angular direction to theworking fluid only after it has been expanded in said restrictions andmeans intermediate between said restrictions for absorbing the velocityof the expanded fluid.

p 11. In combination inan elastic fluid turbine a casing and a rotormoving therein, the space between the rotor and casing being restrictedradially so as to form jets at intervals along the length of theturbine, guiding means placed within said restriction and impartingangular direction to the working fluid and means intermediate betweensaid restrictions for absorbing the velocity of the expanded fluid, saidmeans giving a gradually increasing cross sectional area for the passageof the working fluid.

12. A turbine having moving and fixed parts the space between which isradiallyv restricted to form. jets at intervals along the length of theturbine, guide blades carried by the fixed turbine part and extendingwithin said restrictions while having the contour ofthe restrictionformingpart of the moving turbine part.

13. A turbine having moving and fixed parts the space between which isradially restricted to form jets at intervals along the length of theturbine,guide blades extending through said restriction, the blades andparts forming the restrictions being formed so as to provide passageswhich give a circumferential direction of flow to the work ing fluidwithout any change of cross section in theguide blade passages followingthe restriction.

14. A turbine'having moving and fixed parts. a barrier strip carried bythe former and a barrier strip removablv attached to the fixed turbinepart. guide blades attached to the fixed barrier strip andfollowing thecontour of the moving barrier strip.

15. A turbine having moving and fixed parts, a barrier strip carried bythe former and a barrier strip removablv attached to the fixed turbinepart. guide blades attached to the fixed barrier strip and following thecontour of the moving barrier strip. said uide blades givingcircumferential direction to the working fluid without any change in thev'elocitvthereof.

16. A turbine having moving and fixed parts, a barrier strip carried bythe former and a barrier strip removablv attached to the fixed turbinepart. guide blades attached to the fixed barrier strip and following thecontour of the moving barrier strip. said guide blades givingcircumferential direction to the working fluid without any changein thevelocity thereof, two rows of In testimony whereof, I afiix my signa-Persons blades carried by the moving turture in presence of twowltnesses. bine part and a row of crescent guide blades between the tworows of moving blades CHARLES ALGERNONPARSONS. 5 whereby the Workingfluid leaving said-restrictions has thevelooity which it has gen-Witnesses:

erated therein absorbed in the rotating FREDERICK GORDON HAY BEDFORD,

blades before passing to the next restriction. ALBERT WILLIAM PARR-

